{"id":7198,"date":"2019-04-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2019-04-12T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/news\/obchodny-podiel-vo-vzduchoprazdne\/"},"modified":"2019-04-12T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2019-04-12T00:00:00","slug":"obchodny-podiel-vo-vzduchoprazdne","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/sk\/obchodny-podiel-vo-vzduchoprazdne\/","title":{"rendered":"Obchodn\u00fd podiel vo vzduchopr\u00e1zdne"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Ste si ist\u00fd, \u017ee ste e\u0161te st\u00e1le spolo\u010dn\u00edk?<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Hranica medzi \u00faspechom a ne\u00faspechom je \u010dasto ve\u013emi tenk\u00e1. Spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 dnes uva\u017euj\u00fa nad expanziou, m\u00f4\u017eu zajtra \u010deli\u0165 hospod\u00e1rskym probl\u00e9mom. Na zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti v konkurze, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa slovensk\u00fa dc\u00e9rsku spolo\u010dnos\u0165, \u010dak\u00e1 na Slovensku prekvapenie. Pod\u013ea \u00a7 148 ods. 2 Obchodn\u00e9ho z\u00e1konn\u00edka plat\u00ed, \u017ee vyhl\u00e1sen\u00edm konkurzu na majetok spolo\u010dn\u00edka nadobudne slovensk\u00e1 dc\u00e9rska spolo\u010dnos\u0165 obchodn\u00fd podiel tohto spolo\u010dn\u00edka. Matersk\u00e1 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 v konkurze tak \u201estrat\u00ed\u201c v\u0161etky pr\u00e1va spolo\u010dn\u00edka a vznikne jej n\u00e1rok na finan\u010dn\u00e9 vyrovnanie. Zavedenie tohto pravidla by malo vies\u0165 k ur\u00fdchleniu konkurzn\u00fdch konan\u00ed, aby konkurzn\u00fd spr\u00e1vca nemusel rie\u0161i\u0165 vykon\u00e1vanie pr\u00edpadn\u00fdch pr\u00e1v spolo\u010dn\u00edka, a najm\u00e4 odpad\u00e1va spe\u0148a\u017eenie dan\u00e9ho obchodn\u00e9ho podielu, ke\u010f\u017ee s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou konkurznej podstaty by bol konkr\u00e9tny pe\u0148a\u017en\u00fd n\u00e1rok. Uveden\u00e1 \u00faprava sa nevz\u0165ahuje na spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa iba jedin\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka, \u010d\u00edm sa zamedzuje vzniku spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ktor\u00e9 de facto nemaj\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00edka.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Pri praktickej aplik\u00e1cii tohto ustanovenia v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017ee nasta\u0165 probl\u00e9m, na ktor\u00fd z\u00e1konodarca mo\u017eno nepomyslel. Ide napr\u00edklad o situ\u00e1ciu, ak s\u00fa spolo\u010dn\u00edci s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou jedn\u00e9ho koncernu a konkurz bude vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd na majetok v\u0161etk\u00fdch spolo\u010dn\u00edkov naraz. Je ot\u00e1zne, \u010di tu plat\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e1 v\u00fdnimka, ke\u010f\u017ee spolo\u010dnos\u0165 \u201estrat\u00ed\u201c v\u0161etk\u00fdch spolo\u010dn\u00edkov naraz. Probl\u00e9m by, naopak, nevznikol v situ\u00e1cii, ak by bol konkurz vyhl\u00e1sen\u00fd najsk\u00f4r na majetok jedn\u00e9ho, a nesk\u00f4r na majetok druh\u00e9ho spolo\u010dn\u00edka, ke\u010f\u017ee druh\u00fd spolo\u010dn\u00edk by bol v tomto pr\u00edpade jedin\u00fdm spolo\u010dn\u00edkom, a teda by sa na\u0148ho vz\u0165ahovala v\u00fdnimka.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Skuto\u010dn\u00e1 rozporuplnos\u0165 \u00a7 148 ods. 2 Obchodn\u00e9ho z\u00e1konn\u00edka sa v\u0161ak prejav\u00ed a\u017e v medzin\u00e1rodnom kontexte. Pr\u00edkladom je pr\u00edpad nemeck\u00e9ho konkurzn\u00e9ho spr\u00e1vcu dvoch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed patriacich do jedn\u00e9ho koncernu, ktor\u00fd chcel preda\u0165 zdrav\u00fa slovensk\u00fa dc\u00e9rsku spolo\u010dnos\u0165 investorovi v r\u00e1mci ve\u013ekej transakcie formou share deal. Pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 zmluvy o prevode obchodn\u00e9ho podielu s\u00fa pod\u013ea n\u00e1\u0161ho n\u00e1zoru neplatn\u00e9, ke\u010f\u017ee spolo\u010dn\u00edci po vyhl\u00e1sen\u00ed konkurzu str\u00e1caj\u00fa svoje postavenie spolo\u010dn\u00edkov. V danej situ\u00e1cii sa s\u00edce pon\u00faka pr\u00e1vny argument, \u017ee pri predmetnom ustanoven\u00ed ide o ustanovenie t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa konkurzu, ktor\u00e9 do Obchodn\u00e9ho z\u00e1konn\u00edka nepatr\u00ed, a ktor\u00e9 teda pod\u013ea eur\u00f3pskeho nariadenia o insolven\u010dnom konan\u00ed nemo\u017eno uplatni\u0165. T\u00e1to argument\u00e1cia je v\u0161ak ot\u00e1zna, ke\u010f\u017ee \u00a7 148 Obchodn\u00e9ho z\u00e1konn\u00edka bol nieko\u013ekokr\u00e1t upravovan\u00fd a prepracovan\u00fd, tak\u017ee redak\u010dn\u00e1 chyba je zrejme vyl\u00fa\u010den\u00e1. Pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fd obchodn\u00fd register by z\u00e1rove\u0148 pri z\u00e1pise zmeny spolo\u010dn\u00edka musel by\u0165 o danom argumente presved\u010den\u00fd, pri\u010dom slovensk\u00e9 registrov\u00e9 s\u00fady s\u00fa pri argument\u00e1cii, ktor\u00e1 je v rozpore so znen\u00edm z\u00e1kona, tradi\u010dne ve\u013emi opatrn\u00e9.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Najlep\u0161ou prevenciou je v takomto pr\u00edpade konzult\u00e1cia so slovensk\u00fdm advok\u00e1tom pred samotn\u00fdm vyhl\u00e1sen\u00edm konkurzu. Pod\u013ea slovensk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va by bolo v\u00fdhodn\u00e9, aby nemeck\u00fd konkurzn\u00fd s\u00fad nevyhl\u00e1sil konkurzy naraz, ale postupne, ke\u010f\u017ee v tomto pr\u00edpade by platila vy\u0161\u0161ie uveden\u00e1 v\u00fdnimka. Zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne predpisy si v\u0161ak m\u00f4\u017eu vy\u017eadova\u0165 vyhl\u00e1senie konkurzu v rovnakom \u010dase. Elegantn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie tohto probl\u00e9mu po uzavret\u00ed pr\u00edslu\u0161nej zmluvy pod\u013ea n\u00e1\u0161ho n\u00e1zoru neexistuje. Zmluva o prevode obchodn\u00fdch podielov teda mus\u00ed by\u0165 uzavret\u00e1 znovu, pri\u010dom tentokr\u00e1t mus\u00ed na strane pred\u00e1vaj\u00faceho kona\u0165 spolo\u010dnos\u0165 sama, pri\u010dom bude zast\u00fapen\u00e1 konate\u013emi.<\/p>\n<div style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ak sa spolo\u010dnosti nesk\u00f4r podar\u00ed prekona\u0165 finan\u010dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my a d\u00f4jde k zru\u0161eniu konkurzu, vr\u00e1ti sa obchodn\u00fd podiel spolo\u010dn\u00edkovi.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ste si ist\u00fd, \u017ee ste e\u0161te st\u00e1le spolo\u010dn\u00edk? Hranica medzi \u00faspechom a ne\u00faspechom je \u010dasto ve\u013emi tenk\u00e1. Spolo\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 dnes uva\u017euj\u00fa nad expanziou, m\u00f4\u017eu zajtra \u010deli\u0165 hospod\u00e1rskym probl\u00e9mom. Na zahrani\u010dn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti v konkurze, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa slovensk\u00fa dc\u00e9rsku spolo\u010dnos\u0165, \u010dak\u00e1 na Slovensku prekvapenie. Pod\u013ea \u00a7 148 ods. 2 Obchodn\u00e9ho z\u00e1konn\u00edka plat\u00ed, \u017ee vyhl\u00e1sen\u00edm konkurzu na majetok [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5467,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[104],"class_list":["post-7198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bnt","tag-slovakia"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7198","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7198"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7198\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7198"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7198"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7198"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}