{"id":7390,"date":"2020-04-13T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-04-13T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/news\/rumanija-neparvaramas-varas-parskats-covid-19-konteksta\/"},"modified":"2020-04-13T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-04-13T00:00:00","slug":"rumanija-neparvaramas-varas-parskats-covid-19-konteksta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/lv\/rumanija-neparvaramas-varas-parskats-covid-19-konteksta\/","title":{"rendered":"Rum\u0101nija: Nep\u0101rvaramas varas p\u0101rskats Covid-19 kontekst\u0101"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Jaun\u0101 SARS-CoV-2 v\u012brusa (Covid-19) strauj\u0101 un neparedzam\u0101 par\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101s un izplat\u012bba ir veicin\u0101jusi pas\u0101kumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu, lai ierobe\u017eotu v\u012brusa izplat\u012bbas pieaugumu. Pa\u0161reiz\u0113jie prevent\u012bvie pas\u0101kumi un v\u012brusa izplat\u012bbas ierobe\u017eo\u0161anas pas\u0101kumi b\u016btiski ietekm\u0113 gan uz\u0146\u0113mumu pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo darb\u012bbu, gan komercattiec\u012bbu norisi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nesen\u0101 Covid-19 izrais\u012bto soci\u0101lo un ekonomisko probl\u0113mu att\u012bst\u012bba ir novedusi pie t\u0101, ka Pasaules Vesel\u012bbas organiz\u0101cija Covid-19 epid\u0113miju ir kvalific\u0113jusi par pand\u0113miju un Rum\u0101nij\u0101 ir izsludin\u0101ta \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cija.[1]<\/span><\/a> \u0160aj\u0101 kontekst\u0101 \u0161ie pas\u0101kumi var ietekm\u0113t uz\u0146\u0113mumus gan tie\u0161i, gan netie\u0161i, izraisot atbilst\u012bbas kav\u0113\u0161anos, da\u013c\u0113ju atbilst\u012bbu vai pat nesp\u0113ju izpild\u012bt l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Paturot to pr\u0101t\u0101, \u0161\u012b memoranduma m\u0113r\u0137is ir sniegt visp\u0101r\u012bgu p\u0101rskatu par da\u017e\u0101m iesp\u0113jam\u0101m juridisk\u0101m instit\u016bcij\u0101m, kuras var apsv\u0113rt atkar\u012bb\u0101 no konkr\u0113t\u0101 faktisk\u0101 un l\u012bgumisk\u0101 konteksta. \u012apa\u0161i m\u0113s apsveram iesp\u0113ju atsaukties uz nep\u0101rvaramu varu vai neparedz\u0113tiem apst\u0101k\u013ciem, kas ne\u013cauj izpild\u012bt uz\u0146emt\u0101s saist\u012bbas, un gr\u016bt\u012bbu ra\u0161anos.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Covid-19 v\u012brusa ietekme uz saist\u012bbu izpildi. Nep\u0101rvarama vara un neparedzami apst\u0101k\u013ci, kas ne\u013cauj izpild\u012bt saist\u012bbas<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0100rk\u0101rtas st\u0101voklis autom\u0101tiski neattaisno neviena l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbu neizpildi, k\u0101 ar\u012b nenoz\u012bm\u0113 nep\u0101rvaramas varas situ\u0101cijas esam\u012bbu vis\u0101s tiesiskaj\u0101s attiec\u012bb\u0101s. Nep\u0101rvarama vara ir j\u0101analiz\u0113 katram l\u012bgumam atsevi\u0161\u0137i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Saska\u0146\u0101 ar Rum\u0101nijas Civilkodeksa 1634. pantu “saist\u012bbu, kuras izpilde nav iesp\u0113jama, par\u0101dnieks tiek atbr\u012bvots, ja saist\u012bbas vairs nevar izpild\u012bt nep\u0101rvaramas varas vai neparedzamu apst\u0101k\u013cu vai citu l\u012bdz\u012bgu notikumu d\u0113\u013c, kas notiku\u0161i pirms par\u0101dnieka pazi\u0146o\u0161anas par izpildes kav\u0113\u0161anos”. T\u0101pat saska\u0146\u0101 ar Rum\u0101nijas Civilkodeksa 1351. pantu nosaukums “Atbild\u012bbas attaisnojo\u0161ie iemesli”… punkts nosaka, ka gad\u012bjum\u0101, ja “likum\u0101 nav noteikts cit\u0101di vai puses nav vienoju\u0161\u0101s cit\u0101di, atbild\u012bba ir izsl\u0113gta, ja zaud\u0113jumus rada nep\u0101rvarama vara vai neparedzami apst\u0101k\u013ci”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nep\u0101rvarama vara Rum\u0101nijas Civilkodeks\u0101 ir defin\u0113ta k\u0101 “\u0101r\u0113js notikums, neparedzams, absol\u016bti neapturams un neizb\u0113gams”, kas kvalific\u0113jas k\u0101 nep\u0101rvaramas varas notikumi, piem\u0113ram, viesu\u013cv\u0113tras, zibens, kar\u0161, zemestr\u012bce, teroristu uzbrukumi utt. Pand\u0113mijas\/epid\u0113mijas tradicion\u0101li nav klasific\u0113tas k\u0101 nep\u0101rvaramas varas notikumi<\/span>. Tom\u0113r m\u0113s uzskat\u0101m, ka pa\u0161reiz\u0113jos Covid-19 v\u012brusa izrais\u012btos apst\u0101k\u013cus katr\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 atsevi\u0161\u0137i var attiecin\u0101t uz nep\u0101rvaramas varas j\u0113dzienu, atsaucoties gan uz Rum\u0101nijas Civilkodeksa noteikumiem, gan uz konkr\u0113to situ\u0101ciju. Lai noteiktu, vai notikumu var uzskat\u012bt par nep\u0101rvaramas varas apst\u0101k\u013cu attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz konkr\u0113tu situ\u0101ciju un k\u0101das juridisk\u0101s sekas izriet no \u0161\u012bs kvalifik\u0101cijas, papildus faktiskajai situ\u0101cijai ir j\u0101\u0146em v\u0113r\u0101 ar\u012b pu\u0161u l\u012bguma noteikumi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160aj\u0101 sakar\u0101 m\u0113s pie\u0146emam, ka liel\u0101kaj\u0101 da\u013c\u0101 l\u012bgumu j\u0101iek\u013cauj nep\u0101rvaramas varas klauzulas. T\u0101s \u012bpa\u0161i nosaka, kas notiek, ja nep\u0101rvarama vara ne\u013cauj vienai no pus\u0113m izpild\u012bt savas l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbas. Da\u017eas nep\u0101rvaramas varas klauzulas l\u012bgumos ir skaidri nor\u0101d\u012btas, lai ietvertu epid\u0113mijas un\/vai pand\u0113mijas, savuk\u0101rt citas klauzulas tikai visp\u0101r\u012bgi defin\u0113 nep\u0101rvaramu varu, \u012bpa\u0161i nenor\u0101dot notikumus, kurus puses kvalific\u0113 k\u0101 nep\u0101rvaramu varu, notikumus, kas var atbr\u012bvot no atbild\u012bbas. Otraj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 klauzulu var\u0113tu interpret\u0113t k\u0101 nepietiekami defin\u0113tu un uzskat\u012bt par nepietiekamu, lai atbr\u012bvotu no atbild\u012bbas to pusi, kurai ir pien\u0101kums izpild\u012bt l\u012bgumu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tom\u0113r atkar\u012bb\u0101 no konkr\u0113t\u0101s faktisk\u0101s situ\u0101cijas, k\u0101 ar\u012b no dabas vai soci\u0101laj\u0101m par\u0101d\u012bb\u0101m, kuras var attiecin\u0101t uz nep\u0101rvaramas varas j\u0113dzienu, tiesu praks\u0113 ir pie\u0146emti l\u0113mumi[2]<\/span><\/a>, ar kuriem citas soci\u0101las par\u0101d\u012bbas, piem\u0113ram, kompetentu valsts iest\u0101\u017eu veikti pas\u0101kumi, kas aizliedz noteiktu darb\u012bbu veik\u0161anu (bez pu\u0161u vainas), ja \u0161ie pas\u0101kumi noved pie l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbu izpildes neiesp\u0113jam\u012bbas. Piem\u0113ram, aizliegums veikt noteiktas transporta darb\u012bbas, ce\u013co\u0161anas aizliegumi utt. var tikt uzskat\u012bti par nep\u0101rvaramas varas apst\u0101k\u013ciem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Saist\u012bb\u0101 ar ties\u012bbu norm\u0101m atkar\u012bb\u0101 no konkr\u0113t\u0101s situ\u0101cijas var b\u016bt t\u0101, ka Covid-19 v\u012brusa izrais\u012bt\u0101 pand\u0113mija var tikt uzskat\u012bta par nep\u0101rvaramu varu, atbr\u012bvojot par\u0101dnieku no civiltiesisk\u0101s atbild\u012bbas par saist\u012bbu neizpildi, cikt\u0101l situ\u0101cija vai notikums atbilst likum\u0101 noteiktajiem nosac\u012bjumiem, k\u0101 nor\u0101d\u012bts iepriek\u0161.<\/span><\/p>\n

Saska\u0146\u0101 ar Rum\u0101nijas Civilkodeksu par\u0101dnieks parasti nevar atsaukties uz neparedz\u0113tiem apst\u0101k\u013ciem, kas kav\u0113 saist\u012bbu izpildi, ja saist\u012bbas attiecas uz visp\u0101r\u012bg\u0101m prec\u0113m (rum\u0101\u0146u valod\u0101: bunuri de gen; preces, kur\u0101m pa\u0161\u0101m piem\u012bt kop\u012bgas \u012bpa\u0161\u012bbas un kuras var aizst\u0101t ar cit\u0101m t\u0101da pa\u0161a veida prec\u0113m). Tom\u0113r m\u0113s uzskat\u0101m, ka \u0161\u012b situ\u0101cija, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo situ\u0101ciju, var izrais\u012bt ar\u012b atk\u0101pes.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u0113s ar\u012b atz\u012bm\u0113jam, ka nesp\u0113ja izpild\u012bt saist\u012bbas var b\u016bt \u012bslaic\u012bga vai past\u0101v\u012bga. Cikt\u0101l nesp\u0113ja izpild\u012bt saist\u012bbu ir \u012bslaic\u012bga, \u0161o saist\u012bbu izpilde tiks aptur\u0113ta. Ja neiesp\u0113jam\u012bba ir piln\u012bga un gal\u012bga, v\u0113rsta uz svar\u012bgu l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbu izpildi, l\u012bgumu var pat izbeigt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jebkur\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 m\u0113s v\u0113r\u0161am j\u016bsu uzman\u012bbu, ka izpildes neiesp\u0113jam\u012bba, pamatojoties uz nep\u0101rvaramu varu, ir j\u0101uztver piesardz\u012bgi, jo nep\u0101rvaramas varas klauzulas piesauk\u0161ana un aktiviz\u0113\u0161ana autom\u0101tiski neizrais\u012bs t\u0101s puses atbr\u012bvo\u0161anu no atbild\u012bbas, kura nepilda vai nepareizi pilda savas l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbas.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di katra konkr\u0113t\u0101 situ\u0101cija prasa padzi\u013cin\u0101tu anal\u012bzi, lai noteiktu c\u0113lo\u0146sakar\u012bbu starp notikumu un neizpild\u012btaj\u0101m saist\u012bb\u0101m, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 ar\u012b l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbu formalit\u0101tes, kas pus\u0113m \u0161aj\u0101 gad\u012bjum\u0101 ir j\u0101izpilda, piem\u0113ram, pazi\u0146ot otrai pusei noteikt\u0101 termi\u0146\u0101 vai saglab\u0101t noteiktas l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Parasti \u2013 p\u0113c konkr\u0113tas faktisk\u0101s situ\u0101cijas anal\u012bzes saist\u012bb\u0101 ar iepriek\u0161 uzskait\u012btajiem nosac\u012bjumiem \u2013 tikt\u0101l, cikt\u0101l tiek konstat\u0113ts, ka l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbas nevar izpild\u012bt Covid-19 v\u012brusa izrais\u012bt\u0101s pand\u0113mijas d\u0113\u013c un\/vai iemeslu d\u0113\u013c, kas saist\u012bti ar iest\u0101\u017eu veiktajiem pas\u0101kumiem, lai ierobe\u017eotu v\u012brusa izplat\u012bbu, ir S\u0101kotn\u0113ji ir nepiecie\u0161ams pazi\u0146ot par\u0101dniekam par notikumu, kas padara neiesp\u0113jamu saist\u012bbu izpildi. M\u0113s ar\u012b iesak\u0101m, lai jebkur\u0101 \u0161\u0101d\u0101 pazi\u0146ojum\u0101 tiktu iek\u013cauts detaliz\u0113ts neparedz\u0113t\u0101 notikuma apraksts un detaliz\u0113ts t\u0101 ietekmes uz l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbu izpildi apraksts.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nep\u0101rvaramas varas prezumpcija<\/span><\/p>\n

Vald\u012bbas \u0101rk\u0101rtas r\u012bkojums Nr.\u00a029\/2020 par ekonomiskajiem un finan\u0161u-bud\u017eeta pas\u0101kumiem (\u201cGEO 29\/2020\u201d) \u012bsteno ekonomisk\u0101s aizsardz\u012bbas veidu attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz iesp\u0113ju atsaukties uz nep\u0101rvaramu varu pret maziem un vid\u0113jiem uz\u0146\u0113mumiem[3]<\/span><\/a>.<\/span><\/p>\n

Attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz mazo vai vid\u0113jo uz\u0146\u0113mumu nosl\u0113gtiem sp\u0113k\u0101 eso\u0161iem l\u012bgumiem (iz\u0146emot komun\u0101lo pakalpojumu l\u012bgumus, k\u0101 ar\u012b galveno un sekund\u0101ro m\u012bt\u0146u nomas l\u012bgumus, ja piem\u0113rojami citi pas\u0101kumi), nep\u0101rvaramas varas apst\u0101k\u013cus (pret maziem vai vid\u0113jiem uz\u0146\u0113mumiem) var atsaukties tikai p\u0113c m\u0113\u0123in\u0101juma p\u0101rskat\u012bt l\u012bgumu, lai piel\u0101gotu t\u0101 noteikumus \u0101rk\u0101rtas st\u0101vok\u013ca rad\u012btajiem \u0101rk\u0101rtas apst\u0101k\u013ciem. \u0160is m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jums piel\u0101got l\u012bgumu j\u0101veic r\u016bp\u012bgi, jo tas j\u0101pier\u0101da ar dokumentiem, kas nos\u016bt\u012bti starp pus\u0113m jebk\u0101d\u0101 veid\u0101 (tostarp elektroniski).<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t GEO 29\/2020 paredz, ka saska\u0146\u0101 ar r\u012bkojuma garu nep\u0101rvaramas varas gad\u012bjums tiek uzskat\u012bts par neparedz\u0113tu, absol\u016bti neparedzamu un neizb\u0113gamu notikumu, kas radies iest\u0101\u017eu r\u012bc\u012bbas rezult\u0101t\u0101, lai piem\u0113rotu pas\u0101kumus, kas nepiecie\u0161ami Covid-19 infekcijas izplat\u012bbas nov\u0113r\u0161anai un apkaro\u0161anai, un kas ietekm\u0113 mazo un vid\u0113jo uz\u0146\u0113mumu darb\u012bbu, ko apliecina Ekonomikas, ener\u0123\u0113tikas un uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas vides ministrijas izsniegta \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cijas apliec\u012bba.<\/span><\/p>\n

Saska\u0146\u0101 ar GEO 29\/2020 neparedzamais raksturs attiecas uz br\u012bdi, kad s\u0101k\u0101s attiec\u012bg\u0101s tiesisk\u0101s attiec\u012bbas. Citiem v\u0101rdiem sakot, pat \u0161aj\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101 ir nepiecie\u0161ama stingra l\u012bgumu, no kuriem izriet tiesisk\u0101s attiec\u012bbas, anal\u012bze, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101, ka da\u017ei l\u012bgumi var izsl\u0113gt vai ierobe\u017eot nep\u0101rvaramas varas ietekmes piem\u0113rojam\u012bbu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ir svar\u012bgi uzsv\u0113rt, ka par nep\u0101rvaramu varu var kvalific\u0113ties tikai iest\u0101\u017eu veiktas darb\u012bbas, lai piem\u0113rotu pand\u0113mijas nov\u0113r\u0161anai un izplat\u012bbai noteiktos pas\u0101kumus, bet ne iest\u0101\u017eu veiktie pas\u0101kumi saska\u0146\u0101 ar normat\u012bvo aktu, kas nosaka \u0101rk\u0101rtas st\u0101vokli.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di saska\u0146\u0101 ar GEO 29\/2020 noteiktajiem nosac\u012bjumiem \u0161aj\u0101 l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbu izpildes neiesp\u0113jam\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 nav j\u0101pier\u0101da nep\u0101rvaramas varas notikuma esam\u012bba, jo t\u0101 esam\u012bba tiek prezumpt\u0113ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Starp visiem p\u0101r\u0113jiem nosac\u012bjumiem, lai prezumpcija darbotos, maziem un vid\u0113jiem uz\u0146\u0113mumiem ir j\u0101b\u016bt \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cijas sertifik\u0101tam, kas apliecina ietekmi uz to darb\u012bbu. Tom\u0113r ieinteres\u0113t\u0101 persona var atsp\u0113kot nep\u0101rvaramas varas prezumpciju ar jebk\u0101diem pier\u0101d\u012bjumiem, pat ja \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cijas sertifik\u0101ts ir ieg\u016bts pirms \u0161\u012b br\u012b\u017ea.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turkl\u0101t m\u0113s v\u0113r\u0161am j\u016bsu uzman\u012bbu uz to, ka, ja nav izpild\u012btas GEO 29\/2020 nep\u0101rvaramas varas prezumpcijas pras\u012bbas un pras\u012bbas attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cijas sertifik\u0101ta izsnieg\u0161anu, nep\u0101rvaramu varu var atsaukties tikai saska\u0146\u0101 ar Civilkodeksa noteikumiem k\u0101 visp\u0101r\u0113ji piem\u0113rojamiem ties\u012bbu aktiem.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Pier\u0101d\u012bjums par izpildes neiesp\u0113jam\u012bbu: nep\u0101rvaramas varas pier\u0101d\u012bjums.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pier\u0101d\u012bjums par izpildes neiesp\u0113jam\u012bbu ir t\u0101s puses pien\u0101kums, kurai j\u0101izpilda neizpild\u0101ma saist\u012bba.[4]<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160aj\u0101 kontekst\u0101 par\u0101dniekam ir j\u0101pier\u0101da ne tikai likum\u0101 noteikto nosac\u012bjumu izpilde, lai notikumu kvalific\u0113tu k\u0101 nep\u0101rvaramu varu (\u0101r\u0113ja, neparedzama un absol\u016bti neapturama un neizb\u0113gama notikuma esam\u012bba), bet ar\u012b l\u012bguma noteikumu iev\u0113ro\u0161ana par piem\u0113rojam\u0101s proced\u016bras iev\u0113ro\u0161anu nep\u0101rvaramas varas piepras\u012b\u0161anai, ja un kur tas ir nepiecie\u0161ams, k\u0101 ar\u012b notikuma sekas un c\u0113lo\u0146sakar\u012bba starp notikumu un pien\u0101kuma neizpildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Atkar\u012bb\u0101 no gad\u012bjuma l\u012bgumos var paredz\u0113t, ka nep\u0101rvaramas varas pier\u0101d\u012bjumam j\u0101b\u016bt balst\u012btam uz tre\u0161\u0101s personas izdotu dokumentu, piem\u0113ram k\u0101:<\/span><\/p>\n\n

  • <\/span><\/span>Rum\u0101nijas Tirdzniec\u012bbas un r\u016bpniec\u012bbas kameras (CCIR) izdots atzinums;<\/span><\/li>\n
  • <\/span><\/span>Apgabala Tirdzniec\u012bbas pal\u0101tas izdots atzinums<\/span><\/li>\n
  • <\/span><\/span>jebkur\u0161 cits tre\u0161o personu izdots dokuments (piem\u0113ram, valsts iest\u0101\u017eu, valsts instit\u016bciju u.\u00a0c. izdoti dokumenti).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    V\u0113lamies piemin\u0113t, ka, lai sa\u0146emtu Rum\u0101nijas Tirdzniec\u012bbas un r\u016bpniec\u012bbas kameras vai Apgabala Tirdzniec\u012bbas pal\u0101tas izdotu atzinumu, ir j\u0101veic \u012bpa\u0161as proced\u016bras, tostarp faktiska un detaliz\u0113ta notikuma izkl\u0101sts, t\u0101 sekas attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz l\u012bgumpartneri, k\u0101 ar\u012b juridiskie argumenti, lai pier\u0101d\u012btu, ka izsauktais notikums ir nep\u0101rvaramas varas apst\u0101klis.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0100rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cijas sertifik\u0101ts<\/span><\/p>\n

    Iek\u0161 saska\u0146\u0101 ar R\u012bkojumu Nr. 791\/2020 par \u0101rk\u0101rtas st\u0101vok\u013ca sertifik\u0101tu pie\u0161\u0137ir\u0161anu ekonomikas dal\u012bbniekiem, kuru darb\u012bbu ietekm\u0113 SARS-CoV-2 pand\u0113mija (\u201cR\u012bkojums Nr. 791\/2020\u201d) \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cijas sertifik\u0101tu izsniedz Ekonomikas, ener\u0123\u0113tikas un uz\u0146\u0113m\u0113jdarb\u012bbas vides ministrija p\u0113c ekonomikas dal\u012bbnieku, kuru darb\u012bbu ietekm\u0113 SARS-CoV-2 pand\u0113mija, piepras\u012bjuma.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Saska\u0146\u0101 ar \u0100rk\u0101rtas r\u012bkojumu Nr. 33\/2020 par fisk\u0101liem pas\u0101kumiem un normat\u012bvo aktu groz\u012bjumiem \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cijas sertifik\u0101ts, pamatojoties uz ekonomikas dal\u012bbnieka (k\u0101 pieteikuma iesniedz\u0113ja) apliecin\u0101jumu, nosaka (i) ie\u0146\u0113mumu samazin\u0101jumu vismaz par 25% sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar vid\u0113jiem ie\u0146\u0113mumiem no 2020. gada janv\u0101ra l\u012bdz febru\u0101rim vai (ii) da\u013c\u0113ju vai piln\u012bgu darb\u012bbas p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anu, pamatojoties uz likum\u012bgiem l\u0113mumiem, ko \u0101rk\u0101rtas st\u0101vok\u013ca laik\u0101 pie\u0146\u0113mu\u0161as kompetent\u0101s valsts iest\u0101des.<\/span><\/p>\n

    \u0100rk\u0101rtas sertifik\u0101tus izsniedz divas \u012bpa\u0161as veidlapas:<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. <\/span><\/span>1.\u00a0TIPA (ZILA)\u00a0\u2014 izdota pretendentiem, pamatojoties uz apliecin\u0101jumu, kas apliecina piln\u012bgu vai da\u013c\u0113ju darb\u012bbas p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anu kompetento valsts iest\u0101\u017eu likum\u012bgi pie\u0146emtu l\u0113mumu rezult\u0101t\u0101 \u0101rk\u0101rtas st\u0101vok\u013ca laik\u0101;<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. <\/span><\/span>2.\u00a0TIPA (DZELTENA)\u00a0\u2014 izsniedz pretendentiem, pamatojoties uz apliecin\u0101jumu, kas apliecina ie\u0146\u0113mumu samazin\u0101jumu 2020.\u00a0gada mart\u0101 vismaz par 25\u00a0% sal\u012bdzin\u0101jum\u0101 ar vid\u0113jiem ie\u0146\u0113mumiem no 2020.\u00a0gada janv\u0101ra l\u012bdz febru\u0101rim.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      P\u0113c \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cijas apliec\u012bbas sa\u0146em\u0161anas saska\u0146\u0101 ar likum\u0101 noteiktaj\u0101m pras\u012bb\u0101m un formalit\u0101t\u0113m ekonomikas dal\u012bbnieki apliec\u012bbu var izmantot:<\/span><\/p>\n\n

    3. <\/span><\/span>attiec\u012bb\u0101s ar valsts iest\u0101d\u0113m, lai sa\u0146emtu atbalsta pas\u0101kumus\/atbalsta pas\u0101kumus;<\/span><\/li>\n
    4. <\/span><\/span>komerci\u0101l\u0101s attiec\u012bb\u0101s saska\u0146\u0101 ar likumu (piem\u0113ram, k\u0101 pier\u0101d\u012bjumu, lai atsauktos uz nep\u0101rvaramu varu saska\u0146\u0101 ar GEO 29\/2020).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cijas apliec\u012bbas m\u0113r\u0137is ir kalpot par apstiprino\u0161u dokumentu attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz iepriek\u0161 past\u0101vo\u0161u juridisko situ\u0101ciju t\u0101s izsnieg\u0161anas br\u012bd\u012b. \u0160aj\u0101 sakar\u0101 sertifik\u0101ts apstiprina gan attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz valsts iest\u0101d\u0113m, gan komercattiec\u012bb\u0101s noteiktos apst\u0101k\u013cos ietekm\u0113to ekonomisko a\u0123entu darb\u012bbu (piln\u012bgas vai da\u013c\u0113jas darb\u012bbas p\u0101rtrauk\u0161anas vai ien\u0101kumu vai ie\u0146\u0113mumu samazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s rezult\u0101t\u0101).<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0160aj\u0101 sakar\u0101, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 konkr\u0113tas faktiskas situ\u0101cijas, kas atbilst vis\u0101m nep\u0101rvaramas varas gad\u012bjumu noteik\u0161anai nepiecie\u0161amaj\u0101m pras\u012bb\u0101m, m\u0113s uzskat\u0101m, ka, ja vien l\u012bgums \u013cauj pier\u0101d\u012bt nep\u0101rvaramas varas gad\u012bjumus ar tre\u0161o personu izdotiem dokumentiem, \u0101rk\u0101rtas situ\u0101cijas sertifik\u0101ts var b\u016bt pier\u0101d\u012bjums, kas var kalpot k\u0101 nep\u0101rvaramas varas esam\u012bbas pier\u0101d\u012bjums, pie\u0146emot, ka ir iev\u0113roti visi piem\u0113rojamie ties\u012bbu akti.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Turkl\u0101t m\u0113s piemin\u0113tu, ka da\u017e\u0101s situ\u0101cij\u0101s, kad notikumi, k\u0101 ar\u012b to raksturs ir pla\u0161i zin\u0101mi (piem\u0113ram, kara st\u0101voklis vai streiks), par\u0101dnieks var g\u016bt labumu no pier\u0101d\u012bjumu atteik\u0161an\u0101s. T\u0101d\u0113j\u0101di, pie\u0146emot, ka konkr\u0113ts fakts vai notikums ir publiski zin\u0101ms vai nenoliedzams, tiesa var nolemt, ka vairs nav nepiecie\u0161ams pier\u0101d\u012bt \u0161o faktu vai notikumu. Tom\u0113r j\u0101piemin, ka, t\u0101 k\u0101 nav tiesu prakses pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101, ko izrais\u012bjusi Covid-19 pand\u0113mija, nav iesp\u0113jams ar p\u0101rliec\u012bbu pateikt, k\u0101 atteik\u0161an\u0101s no pier\u0101d\u012bjumiem attiecas uz pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo kontekstu.<\/span><\/p>\n

      3. <\/span><\/span>Gr\u016bt\u012bbas<\/span><\/p>\n

      Tom\u0113r, ja l\u012bguma izpilde ir k\u013cuvusi p\u0101rm\u0113r\u012bgi apgr\u016btino\u0161a \u0101rk\u0101rt\u0113ju apst\u0101k\u013cu izmai\u0146u d\u0113\u013c, kuru d\u0113\u013c b\u016btu ac\u012bmredzami netaisn\u012bgi piepras\u012bt no par\u0101dnieka izpildi, tiesa var lemt vai nu (i) piel\u0101got l\u012bgumu, taisn\u012bgi sadal\u012bt apst\u0101k\u013cu mai\u0146as rezult\u0101t\u0101 radu\u0161os zaud\u0113jumus un ieguvumus, vai (ii) izbeigt l\u012bgumu laik\u0101 un ar nosac\u012bjumiem, ko nosaka tiesa.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0160aj\u0101 zi\u0146\u0101 gan l\u012bguma piel\u0101go\u0161anu, gan izbeig\u0161anu tiesa var lemt tikai attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz \u0161\u0101diem kumulat\u012bviem nosac\u012bjumiem:<\/span><\/p>\n\n

      Attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz gr\u016bt\u012bb\u0101m parasti[5]<\/span><\/a> pus\u0113m ir j\u0101pilda savas saist\u012bbas pat tad, ja izpilde ir k\u013cuvusi apgr\u016btino\u0161\u0101ka vai nu pa\u0161u saist\u012bbu izpildes izmaksu pieauguma, vai pretizpild\u012bjuma v\u0113rt\u012bbas samazin\u0101\u0161an\u0101s d\u0113\u013c.<\/span><\/p>\n

    5. <\/span><\/span>\u0101rk\u0101rtas apst\u0101k\u013cu iest\u0101\u0161an\u0101s p\u0113c l\u012bguma nosl\u0113g\u0161anas;<\/span><\/li>\n
    6. <\/span><\/span>apst\u0101k\u013cu izmai\u0146as un to apm\u0113ru par\u0101dnieks l\u012bguma nosl\u0113g\u0161anas br\u012bd\u012b neparedz\u0113ja un nevar\u0113ja pamatoti paredz\u0113t;<\/span><\/li>\n
    7. <\/span><\/span>par\u0101dnieks neuz\u0146\u0113m\u0101s apst\u0101k\u013cu mai\u0146as risku un nevar\u0113ja pamatoti uzskat\u012bt, ka vi\u0146\u0161 ir uz\u0146\u0113mies \u0161\u0101du risku l\u012bguma nosl\u0113g\u0161anas br\u012bd\u012b;<\/span><\/li>\n
    8. <\/span><\/span>par\u0101dnieka piespie\u0161ana izpild\u012bt l\u012bgumu ir k\u013cuvusi ac\u012bmredzama negod\u012bgi;<\/span><\/li>\n
    9. <\/span><\/span>par\u0101dnieks sapr\u0101t\u012bg\u0101 termi\u0146\u0101 un labtic\u012bgi ir m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jis vienoties par sapr\u0101t\u012bgu un taisn\u012bgu l\u012bguma piel\u0101go\u0161anu.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Nosl\u0113gum\u0101, l\u016bdzu, \u0146emiet v\u0113r\u0101, ka visiem pas\u0101kumiem vai pieej\u0101m, kas veiktas attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz l\u012bgumattiec\u012bb\u0101m pa\u0161reiz\u0113j\u0101 kontekst\u0101, j\u0101b\u016bt saska\u0146ot\u0101m gan ar piem\u0113rojamajiem ties\u012bbu aktiem, gan ar sp\u0113k\u0101 eso\u0161ajiem l\u012bgumu noteikumiem. T\u0101p\u0113c m\u0113s iesak\u0101m analiz\u0113t sp\u0113k\u0101 eso\u0161os l\u012bgumus, \u0146emot v\u0113r\u0101 iesp\u0113ju atsaukties uz nokav\u0113tu izpildi vai pamatotu neizpildi.<\/span><\/p>\n

      \u0160aj\u0101 sakar\u0101, lai atvieglotu pier\u0101d\u012b\u0161anas pien\u0101kuma izpildi l\u012bgumsaist\u012bbu konfliktu gad\u012bjum\u0101, m\u0113s ar\u012b iesak\u0101m, lai visi veiktie pas\u0101kumi vai pieejas tiktu dokument\u0113tas rakstiski, lai l\u012bdz minimumam samazin\u0101tu negat\u012bv\u0101s juridisk\u0101s vai finansi\u0101l\u0101s sekas.<\/span><\/p>\n

      Turkl\u0101t l\u012bgumiem, kas nosl\u0113gti \u0161aj\u0101 period\u0101 vai par kuriem jau notiek pirmsl\u012bguma sarunas, m\u0113s iesak\u0101m piev\u0113rst liel\u0101ku uzman\u012bbu l\u012bguma klauzulu izstr\u0101dei un jo \u012bpa\u0161i nep\u0101rvaramas varas klauzulu izstr\u0101dei un apsprie\u0161anai, attiec\u012bb\u0101 uz kur\u0101m m\u0113s iesak\u0101m skaidri noteikt, k\u0101 un k\u0101dos gad\u012bjumos \u0161\u0101das klauzulas darbojas.<\/span><\/p>\n

      M\u0113s ar\u012b iesak\u0101m paredz\u0113t l\u012bgumisko risku mazin\u0101\u0161anas meh\u0101nismus, piem\u0113ram, iesp\u0113ju piel\u0101got l\u012bgumu, mainot t\u0101 noteikumus, iek\u013caujot aptur\u0113\u0161anas un izbeig\u0161anas pamatojumu, k\u0101 ar\u012b citus pas\u0101kumus, kuru m\u0113r\u0137is ir mazin\u0101t iesp\u0113jamos riskus.<\/span><\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      [2]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Konstancas Apel\u0101cijas tiesas Komercties\u012bbu departamenta l\u0113mums Nr.\u00a0214\/1999<\/span><\/p>\n

      [3]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Mazie un vid\u0113jie uz\u0146\u0113mumi ir defin\u0113ti k\u0101 tie uz\u0146\u0113mumi, kas kopum\u0101 atbilst diviem nosac\u012bjumiem: (i) to gada vid\u0113jais darbinieku skaits ir maz\u0101ks par 250 un (ii) to gada neto apgroz\u012bjums ir l\u012bdz 50 miljoniem eiro, izteikts RON ekvivalent\u0101 (pirms jaunajiem noteikumiem apgroz\u012bjumam bija j\u0101b\u016bt 8 miljoniem eiro), vai to kop\u0113jie akt\u012bvi nep\u0101rsniedz 43 miljonus eiro, izteikts RON ekvivalent\u0101, saska\u0146\u0101 ar p\u0113d\u0113jo apstiprin\u0101to finan\u0161u p\u0101rskatu, saska\u0146\u0101 ar likumu Nr.\u00a0346\/2004 par mazo un vid\u0113jo uz\u0146\u0113mumu stimul\u0113\u0161anu un att\u012bst\u012bbu.<\/span><\/p>\n

      [4]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Saska\u0146\u0101 ar 1634.\u00a0panta 1.\u00a0punktu. (4) Rum\u0101nijas Civilkodeks\u0101.<\/span><\/p>\n

      [5]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Saska\u0146\u0101 ar Civilkodeksa 1271. pantu<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      Jaun\u0101 SARS-CoV-2 v\u012brusa (Covid-19) strauj\u0101 un neparedzam\u0101 par\u0101d\u012b\u0161an\u0101s un izplat\u012bba ir veicin\u0101jusi pas\u0101kumu pie\u0146em\u0161anu, lai ierobe\u017eotu v\u012brusa izplat\u012bbas pieaugumu. Pa\u0161reiz\u0113jie prevent\u012bvie pas\u0101kumi un v\u012brusa izplat\u012bbas ierobe\u017eo\u0161anas pas\u0101kumi b\u016btiski ietekm\u0113 gan uz\u0146\u0113mumu pa\u0161reiz\u0113jo darb\u012bbu, gan komercattiec\u012bbu norisi. Nesen\u0101 Covid-19 izrais\u012bto soci\u0101lo un ekonomisko probl\u0113mu att\u012bst\u012bba ir novedusi pie t\u0101, ka Pasaules Vesel\u012bbas organiz\u0101cija Covid-19 epid\u0113miju ir […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5465,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[112],"class_list":["post-7390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bnt","tag-latvian"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7390","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7390"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7390\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5465"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7390"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7390"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/lv\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7390"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}

      [1]<\/span><\/span><\/a> Rum\u0101nijas prezidenta dekr\u0113ts Nr.\u00a0195\/16.03.2020.\u00a0g.<\/span><\/p>\n