{"id":6878,"date":"2020-01-27T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2020-01-27T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/news\/novinky-ve-svete-edo-vitezstvi-v-praze-vyhrane-odvolani-v-olomouci-a-novela-katastralni-vyhlasky-od-1-1-2020\/"},"modified":"2020-01-27T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2020-01-27T00:00:00","slug":"novinky-ve-svete-edo-vitezstvi-v-praze-vyhrane-odvolani-v-olomouci-a-novela-katastralni-vyhlasky-od-1-1-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/novinky-ve-svete-edo-vitezstvi-v-praze-vyhrane-odvolani-v-olomouci-a-novela-katastralni-vyhlasky-od-1-1-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"Novinky ve sv\u011bt\u011b EDO: v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed v Praze, vyhran\u00e9 odvol\u00e1n\u00ed v Olomouci a novela katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky od 1. 1. 2020"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Novela katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky m\u00e1 od 1. 1.2 020 podpo\u0159it d\u011bdice s evropsk\u00fdm d\u011bdick\u00fdm osv\u011bd\u010den\u00edm, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed stav v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v\u0161ak ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 v rozporu s evropsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem. N\u00e1m se zat\u00edm da\u0159\u00ed vyhr\u00e1vat soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vkladu vlastnick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va na z\u00e1klad\u011b EDO.<\/p>\n

Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b byly dv\u011b z na\u0161ich \u017ealob t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se evropsk\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed (\u201eEDO\u201c) dne 28.11.2019 a dne 8.1.2020 p\u0159ed Vrchn\u00edm soudem v Olomouci \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9; dne 21.1.2020 se n\u00e1m poda\u0159ilo vyhr\u00e1t \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tak\u00e9 p\u0159ed M\u011bstsk\u00fdm soudem v Praze (viz informace v \u010dl\u00e1nku \u201eBoj o evropsk\u00e1 d\u011bdick\u00e1 osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed pokra\u010duje v Olomouci a v Lucemburku<\/a>\u201c). Vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo d\u011bdic\u016f bude tedy do katastru nemovitost\u00ed zaps\u00e1no na z\u00e1klad\u011b EDO i bez specifikace majetku<\/span>.<\/p>\n

Rozsudky jsou v\u0161ak vysloven\u011b nejednozna\u010dn\u00e9, a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd soud bohu\u017eel nakonec nep\u0159edlo\u017eil p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky Soudn\u00edmu dvoru EU (\u201eSD EU\u201c).<\/p>\n

Novela jako alibistick\u00fd pokus<\/h2>\n

P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh EDO v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice nyn\u00ed nabral nov\u00e9 obr\u00e1tky s novelou katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky \u010d. 301\/2019 Sb., \u00fa\u010dinnou od 1. 1. 2020.<\/p>\n

Od 1. ledna 2020 mohou d\u011bdici, pokud Evropsk\u00e9 d\u011bdick\u00e9 osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed nebude pro \u00fa\u010dely z\u00e1pisu do katastru dostate\u010dn\u00e9 (bude sice prokazovat univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed, ale nebudou v n\u011bm p\u0159esn\u011b specifikov\u00e1na pr\u00e1va nebo nemovitosti, kter\u00fdch se pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed t\u00fdk\u00e1), EDO doplnit o vlastn\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Pokud katastr\u00e1ln\u00edmu \u00fa\u0159adu p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed EDO i prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad jejich vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo do katastru vlo\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n

P\u0159esn\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00e9ho \u00a7 69 odst. 6 katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky uv\u00e1d\u00edme na konci \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n

Baron Pr\u00e1\u0161il<\/h2>\n

Novela tedy znamen\u00e1, \u017ee kdy\u017e obsah EDO nebude odpov\u00eddat katastr\u00e1ln\u00edmu z\u00e1konu, mohou d\u011bdici sami prohl\u00e1sit, \u017ee jsou d\u011bdici, co p\u0159esn\u011b d\u011bd\u00ed a od koho. Takov\u00fd zp\u016fsob \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed trochu p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 Barona Pr\u00e1\u0161ila, kter\u00fd se pr\u00fd s\u00e1m na vlastn\u00edch vlasech vyt\u00e1hl z bl\u00e1ta. P\u0159itom bl\u00e1to bylo tvo\u0159eno dlouhodobou prax\u00ed katastr\u00e1ln\u00edch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f.<\/p>\n

Vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo d\u011bdic\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed jako doklad \u201ejen\u201c EDO, kter\u00e9 neobsahuje konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed v\u00fd\u010det nemovitost\u00ed (tedy nap\u0159. EDO vydan\u00e9 v Bavorsku nebo v Durynsku), bude dle t\u00e9to novely do katastru nemovitost\u00ed zaps\u00e1no, pokud d\u011bdici spole\u010dn\u011b s EDO p\u0159edlo\u017e\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o vzniku pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e9 bude obsahovat tyto \u00fadaje:<\/p>\n\n

  • ozna\u010den\u00ed osoby, kter\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 a kter\u00e9 vzniklo vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo (d\u011bdic), <\/li>\n
  • ozna\u010den\u00ed osoby, jej\u00ed\u017e pr\u00e1vo zaniklo (z\u016fstavitel), <\/li>\n
  • ozna\u010den\u00ed nemovitost\u00ed podle katastr\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1kona, <\/li>\n
  • ozna\u010den\u00ed pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e9 vzniklo (vlastnick\u00e9 pr\u00e1vo), <\/li>\n
  • uveden\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed skute\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 ke vzniku pr\u00e1va vedla (d\u011bdictv\u00ed)<\/li>\n
  • a \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159en\u00fd podpis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Rozpor vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky s Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a Rady (EU) \u010d. 650\/2012 (\u201eNa\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u201c) je zjevn\u00fd. EDO bylo zavedeno, aby usnadnilo situaci d\u011bdic\u016fm v EU<\/span>, jejich\u017e d\u011bdick\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prob\u00edh\u00e1 v jin\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b, ne\u017e se nach\u00e1z\u00ed d\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd majetek, a odstranila se povinnost d\u011bdic\u016f p\u0159edkl\u00e1dat jin\u00e9 doklady ne\u017e EDO.<\/p>\n

    EDO m\u00e1 b\u00fdt ve v\u0161ech st\u00e1tech bez dal\u0161\u00edho z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 a navozovat stejn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky jako rozhodnut\u00ed v tuzemsk\u00e9m d\u011bdick\u00e9m \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v tomto smyslu dalo EDO jasnou p\u0159ednost a p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek. Kdyby by se nyn\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd st\u00e1t rozhodl zav\u00e9st vedle EDO dal\u0161\u00ed dodate\u010dn\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, nem\u011blo by Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd smysl.<\/p>\n

    Novela katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky nut\u00ed d\u011bdice p\u0159edlo\u017eit krom\u011b EDO je\u0161t\u011b prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 po tuzemsk\u00fdch d\u011bdic\u00edch nepo\u017eaduje. Na prvn\u00ed pohled ban\u00e1ln\u00ed listina p\u0159itom m\u016f\u017ee d\u011bdic\u016fm zp\u016fsobit podstatn\u00e9 pot\u00ed\u017ee.<\/p>\n

    V p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f se jedn\u00e1 o osoby \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v jin\u00fdch st\u00e1tech EU (n\u011bkdy i v \u010cR). Podpis na prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159en. Pokud d\u011bdici nep\u0159ijedou prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed podepsat do \u010cR nebo ho nepodep\u00ed\u0161\u00ed na velvyslanectv\u00ed nebo na jednom z gener\u00e1ln\u00edch nebo honor\u00e1rn\u00edch konzul\u00e1t\u016f \u010cR, bude ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ve velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti zem\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b nutno opat\u0159it apostilou.<\/p>\n

    Prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b nebo \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b p\u0159elo\u017een\u00e9 do \u010desk\u00e9ho jazyka (zahrani\u010dn\u00ed not\u00e1\u0159i jen z\u0159\u00eddka ov\u011b\u0159\u00ed podpis na listin\u011b v ciz\u00edm jazyce). Jin\u00fdmi slovy, v\u011bt\u0161ina zahrani\u010dn\u00edch d\u011bdic\u016f kv\u016fli tomuto prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed bude muset zaplatit ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed podpisu, apostilu, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed p\u0159eklad, a pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b tak\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00edka, kter\u00fd jim prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed sep\u00ed\u0161e, nebo\u0165 d\u011bdici nebudou v\u011bd\u011bt, jak m\u00e1 takov\u00e9 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vypadat. Cel\u00fd proces m\u016f\u017ee zabrat n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f, v n\u011bkter\u00fdch zem\u00edch i n\u011bkolik m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, a bude drah\u00fd.<\/p>\n

    Podle informac\u00ed \u010cUZK plat\u00ed novela katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky pouze pro n\u00e1vrhy podan\u00e9 po 01.01.2020. Na ve\u0161ker\u00e9 n\u00e1vrhy podan\u00e9 p\u0159ed t\u00edmto datem bude nahl\u00ed\u017eeno st\u00e1le stejn\u011b \u2013 tedy budou z\u00e1sadn\u011b zam\u00edt\u00e1ny. Probl\u00e9m tedy z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nevy\u0159e\u0161en.<\/p>\n

    Podle na\u0161eho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho n\u00e1zoru je nav\u00edc novela vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky v rozporu se sou\u010dasn\u00fdm katastr\u00e1ln\u00edm z\u00e1konem, kter\u00fd zakotvuje v \u00a7 8 a 17 z\u00e1sadu, \u017ee specifikace majetku mus\u00ed b\u00fdt ve vkladov\u00e9 listin\u011b obsa\u017eena. Katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kon nebyl zm\u011bn\u011bn, a proto toto pravidlo plat\u00ed st\u00e1le. O akceptovatelnosti ve vyhl\u00e1\u0161ce nov\u011b zaveden\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed by proto m\u011bl rozhodnout Soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>\n

    Diskrimina\u010dn\u00ed poplatky<\/h2>\n

    Novela vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky nenapravila ani dal\u0161\u00ed podstatnou nerovnost, se kterou se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00ed d\u011bdici, a to spr\u00e1vn\u00ed poplatek za vkladov\u00e9 \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed (od 1. 1. 2020 ji\u017e 2 000 K\u010d).<\/p>\n

    D\u011bdici, kte\u0159\u00ed dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed pr\u00e1vo k nemovitosti na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010desk\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, poplatek neplat\u00ed; ti kte\u0159\u00ed jej dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed pomoc\u00ed EDO, ano. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v N\u011bmecku tomu tak nen\u00ed, tam maj\u00ed d\u011bdici navrhuj\u00edc\u00ed vklad vlastnick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va na z\u00e1klad\u011b EDO stejn\u00e9 postaven\u00ed, jako d\u011bdici tuzem\u0161t\u00ed (n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed). Navrhovali jsme proto p\u0159edlo\u017eit SD EU tak\u00e9 tuto ot\u00e1zku.<\/p>\n

    P\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek SD EU<\/h2>\n

    Jak jsme ji\u017e uvedli na za\u010d\u00e1tku tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku, dv\u011b z n\u00e1mi veden\u00fdch odvolac\u00edch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159ed Vrchn\u00edm soudem v Olomouci dopadla \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b. Vrchn\u00ed soud shledal chybu u n\u011bmeck\u00fdch soud\u016f, kter\u00e9 specifikaci majetku nevypisuj\u00ed do EDO, ale odvol\u00e1n\u00edm vyhov\u011bl, nebo\u0165 praxe \u010desk\u00fdch \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f br\u00e1nila d\u011bdic\u016fm ve v\u00fdkonu jejich vlastnick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va. T\u00edm byla poru\u0161ena jejich z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1va na vlastnictv\u00ed a d\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n

    M\u011bstsk\u00fd soud v Praze v dal\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1mi veden\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edm se EDO p\u0159ipravoval p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek Soudn\u00edmu dvoru Evropsk\u00e9 unie dle \u010dl\u00e1nku 267 SFEU. Dne 21. 1. 2020 v\u0161ak do\u0161el k pro n\u00e1s p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky ji\u017e nen\u00ed SD EU t\u0159eba p\u0159ekl\u00e1dat, nebo\u0165 situaci vy\u0159e\u0161ila pr\u00e1v\u011b zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e1 novela katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky. P\u0159i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed dne 21. 1. 2020 pak na\u0161\u00ed \u017ealob\u011b vyhov\u011bl.<\/p>\n

    Jak by v\u0161ak mohla novela katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 od 1. 1. 2020 vy\u0159e\u0161it soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zah\u00e1jen\u00e9 v roce 2018 nevysv\u011btlil. Dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vy\u017eadovan\u00e9 novelou vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky v\u0161ak nepo\u017eadoval.<\/p>\n

    O dal\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdvoji na\u0161ich \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se EDO v\u00e1s budeme prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm na\u0161ich \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f i nad\u00e1le informovat. \u0158e\u0161\u00edme tak\u00e9 dal\u0161\u00ed t\u00e9mata souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s EDO (nap\u0159\u00edklad r\u016fzn\u00e9 varianty z\u00e1pis\u016f, d\u011bdice nebo nabyvatele v dobr\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0159e od d\u011bdic\u016f s EDO, \u010di vklad na z\u00e1klad\u011b not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu, kter\u00fd Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed).<\/p>\n

    Spoluautorkou \u010dl\u00e1nku je advok\u00e1tn\u00ed koncipientka Vendula Dole\u017ealov\u00e1<\/a>.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Zdroj: Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed \u010d. 650\/2012\/EU SFEU Ob\u010dansk\u00fd soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d, z\u00e1k. \u010d. 99\/1963 Sb. Katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kon, z\u00e1k. \u010d. 256\/2013 Sb. Katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ka \u010d. 357\/2013 Sb., se zm\u011bn\u011bnou vyhl\u00e1\u0161kou \u010d. 301\/2019 Sb.: \u201e(6) Nejsou-li v listin\u011b vydan\u00e9 za podm\u00ednek stanoven\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edmo pou\u017eiteln\u00fdm p\u0159edpisem Evropsk\u00e9 unie, kter\u00e1 prokazuje univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed, uvedena pr\u00e1va nebo nemovitosti, kter\u00fdch se pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed t\u00fdk\u00e1, proto\u017ee to neumo\u017e\u0148uje pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d st\u00e1tu, ve kter\u00e9m byla listina vyd\u00e1na, zap\u00ed\u0161e katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad zm\u011bnu vlastnick\u00e9ho nebo jin\u00e9ho v\u011bcn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va na z\u00e1klad\u011b t\u00e9to listiny a prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho n\u00e1stupce s n\u00e1le\u017eitostmi podle \u00a7 66 odst. 4 p\u00edsm. a) a\u017e d) a f).\u201c<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Novela katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed vyhl\u00e1\u0161ky m\u00e1 od 1. 1.2 020 podpo\u0159it d\u011bdice s evropsk\u00fdm d\u011bdick\u00fdm osv\u011bd\u010den\u00edm, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed stav v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice v\u0161ak ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 v rozporu s evropsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem. N\u00e1m se zat\u00edm da\u0159\u00ed vyhr\u00e1vat soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se vkladu vlastnick\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va na z\u00e1klad\u011b EDO. Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b byly dv\u011b z na\u0161ich \u017ealob t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se evropsk\u00e9ho d\u011bdick\u00e9ho osv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed (\u201eEDO\u201c) dne 28.11.2019 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5464,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[79],"class_list":["post-6878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bnt","tag-czech"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6878","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6878\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}