Nabyt\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edho ob\u010danstv\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky<\/a>). Na t\u011bchto statistick\u00fdch trendech se v podstat\u011b nic nezm\u011bnilo \u2013 viz bod 4 v tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/p>\n1. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed po\u017eadavku trestn\u00ed bez\u00fahonnosti na dal\u0161\u00ed skupiny cizinc\u016f<\/h2>\n
Obecn\u011b plat\u00ed, \u017ee cizinec, kter\u00fd chce z\u00edskat ob\u010danstv\u00ed, mus\u00ed prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee je trestn\u011b bez\u00fahonn\u00fd. Z\u00e1kon p\u0159itom u relativn\u011b po\u010detn\u00e9 skupiny cizinc\u016f p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, bez prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00ed bez\u00fahonnosti.<\/p>\n
Podle st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch pravidel trestn\u00ed bez\u00fahonnost prokazuje cizinec, kter\u00fd nab\u00fdv\u00e1 ob\u010danstv\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm dle \u00a7 35 z\u00e1kona. Ustanoven\u00ed dopad\u00e1 na mlad\u00e9 lidi, kte\u0159\u00ed dlouhodob\u011b pob\u00fdvaj\u00ed na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR. V letech 2017 a 2018 se jednalo o 1539 osob. Tento zp\u016fsob nabyt\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed novela zcela vypou\u0161t\u00ed a nad\u00e1le pro tuto skupinu cizinc\u016f bude aplikovateln\u00fd nov\u011b stanoven\u00fd speci\u00e1ln\u00ed re\u017eim nabyt\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed na \u017e\u00e1dost, a za zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek.<\/p>\n
U ostatn\u00edch druh\u016f nab\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm dosud podm\u00ednka prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00ed bez\u00fahonnosti chyb\u011bla (konkr\u00e9tn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o zp\u016fsoby popsan\u00e9 v \u00a7 31, \u00a7 32, \u00a7 34 a \u00a7 36 z\u00e1kona). Pr\u00e1v\u011b v chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed podm\u00ednce trestn\u00ed bez\u00fahonnosti ministerstvo nyn\u00ed spat\u0159uje oslaben\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch z\u00e1jm\u016f \u010cR. Proto navrhuje, aby prokazov\u00e1n\u00ed trestn\u00ed bez\u00fahonnosti bylo povinn\u00e9 i v dal\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpadech nabyt\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed u\u010din\u011bn\u00e9ho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm.<\/p>\n
Pokud novela v t\u00e9to podob\u011b projde, trestn\u00ed bez\u00fahonnost budou prokazovat nap\u0159. i cizinci, kte\u0159\u00ed pozbyli \u010desk\u00e9 nebo \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed p\u0159ede dnem nabyt\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnosti z\u00e1kona, tedy p\u0159ed 1.1.2014, u nich\u017e alespo\u0148 jeden z rodi\u010d\u016f nebo prarodi\u010d\u016f je nebo byl \u010desk\u00fdm, resp. \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdm, ob\u010danem, a d\u011bti, kter\u00e9 byly na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR sv\u011b\u0159eny do n\u00e1hradn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de. T\u011bmto \u017eadatel\u016fm pomohla novela 207\/2019 Sb. Zpravidla se jedn\u00e1 o restituci \u010desk\u00e9ho ob\u010danstv\u00ed lidem, kter\u00fdm totalit\u00e1rn\u00ed re\u017eimy \u010desk\u00e9, resp. \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9, ob\u010danstv\u00ed vzaly. U t\u00e9to skupiny obyvatel je p\u0159itom po\u017eadavek prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed bez\u00fahonnosti pom\u011brn\u011b nelogick\u00fd, pon\u011bvad\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o restituci, nikoli ud\u011blen\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n
2. P\u0159estupkov\u00e1 bez\u00fahonnost<\/h2>\n
Jedn\u00edm z c\u00edl\u016f z\u00e1kona a novely je snaha, aby ob\u010danstv\u00ed z\u00edskali pouze cizinci, kte\u0159\u00ed se dostate\u010dn\u011b integrovali do \u010desk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, zejm\u00e9na pokud jde o integraci z hlediska rodinn\u00e9ho, pracovn\u00edho, nebo soci\u00e1ln\u00edho. Ministerstvo vnitra b\u011bhem procesu z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed posuzuje zejm\u00e9na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed integraci, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje i postoj cizince k dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u0159\u00e1du \u010cR (v\u010detn\u011b prokazov\u00e1n\u00ed bez\u00fahonnosti). Podle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru je v\u0161ak bez\u00fahonnost cizinc\u016f sp\u00ed\u0161e ot\u00e1zkou bezpe\u010dnosti, nikoli integrace.<\/p>\n
Ministerstvo v d\u016fvodov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee pro posouzen\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho postoje cizince je rovn\u011b\u017e d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, aby pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava umo\u017enila kontrolu nejen trestn\u00ed, ale i p\u0159estupkov\u00e9 bez\u00fahonnosti cizince. Vzhledem ke skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee p\u0159estupky jsou typov\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdm jedn\u00e1n\u00edm ne\u017e trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, ministerstvo navrhuje, aby ob\u010danstv\u00ed nedostal pouze ten cizinec, kter\u00fd byl uzn\u00e1n pravomocn\u011b vinn\u00fdm ze \u00famysln\u00e9 sp\u00e1ch\u00e1n\u00ed minim\u00e1ln\u011b dvou p\u0159estupk\u016f, a tohoto chov\u00e1n\u00ed se musel dopustit v posledn\u00edch t\u0159ech letech p\u0159ede dnem pod\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dosti.<\/p>\n
Nemysl\u00edme si, \u017ee b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159estupky nap\u0159. na \u010desk\u00fdch silnic\u00edch maj\u00ed cokoliv spole\u010dn\u00e9ho se \u201ezhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se glob\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed situac\u00ed\u201c, nap\u0159. s terorismem, radikalismem, nacionalismem nebo organizovan\u00fdm zlo\u010dinem, tedy se skute\u010dnostmi, kter\u00fdmi ministerstvo pot\u0159ebu novely od\u016fvod\u0148uje.<\/p>\n
3. Prokazov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f<\/h2>\n
Dosud platilo, \u017ee \u017eadatel\u00e9 o ob\u010danstv\u00ed byli povinni prok\u00e1zat v\u00fd\u0161i a zdroje sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Nebyli v\u0161ak povinni prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee tyto p\u0159\u00edjmy jsou dostate\u010dn\u00e9 k pokryt\u00ed jejich \u017eivotn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR. Re\u00e1ln\u011b by tedy hrozilo, \u017ee ob\u010danstv\u00ed z\u00edskaj\u00ed cizinci, kte\u0159\u00ed nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky k tomu, aby se na \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cR sami u\u017eivili.<\/p>\n
To se m\u00e1 novelou zm\u011bnit. Nov\u011b ji\u017e cizinec bude prokazovat nejen zdroje a v\u00fd\u0161i sv\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f, ale mus\u00ed z\u00e1rove\u0148 prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edjmy jsou dostate\u010dn\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jeho \u017eivotn\u00edch pot\u0159eb a n\u00e1klad\u016f. Jak to m\u00e1 vypadat v praxi, nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9: mus\u00ed cizinec, kter\u00fd je hedonista, nap\u0159. milovn\u00edk dobr\u00e9ho v\u00edna a j\u00eddla nebo rychl\u00fdch aut, dolo\u017eit v\u00edce prost\u0159edk\u016f ne\u017e cizinec, kter\u00fd je skromn\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk a pije jen miner\u00e1ln\u00ed vodu? Pokud cizinec nedisponuje vlastn\u00edmi finan\u010dn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy, ale je podporov\u00e1n jinou osobou, pak se do po\u017eadovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky osoby, kter\u00e1 ho finan\u010dn\u011b podporuje.<\/p>\n
4. Statistick\u00e9 \u00fadaje<\/h2>\n
Nejv\u00edce nov\u00fdch \u010desk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f p\u0159ibylo v roce 2014 \u2013 v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 tis. Od roku 2015 do roku 2018 p\u0159ibylo ro\u010dn\u011b ca. 5-6 tis. nov\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f, v roce 2019 to bude z\u0159ejm\u011b podobn\u00e9. Nezm\u011bnily se zem\u011b p\u016fvodu nov\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f \u2013 na prvn\u00edch m\u00edstech jsou zem\u011b b\u00fdval\u00e9ho Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu (Ukrajina, Rusko atd.), a d\u00e1le Slovensko a Vietnam.<\/p>\n
Z\u00e1v\u011brem<\/h2>\n
Novela nen\u00ed v\u016fbec p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e1, proto\u017ee nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, jak chce bojovat s nebezpe\u010d\u00edm ze strany nov\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f. Dojem z novely je tedy rozpa\u010dit\u00fd, n\u011bkter\u00e1 pravidla, kter\u00e1 novela zav\u00e1d\u00ed, budou pro boj se zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se glob\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed situac\u00ed podle na\u0161eho n\u00e1zoru m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1. Naopak \u017eadatel\u00e9 o \u010desk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed budou p\u0159ekon\u00e1vat op\u011bt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed byrokratick\u00e9 p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eky.<\/p>\n
Spoluautorem \u010dl\u00e1nku je advok\u00e1tn\u00ed koncipient Jan Mand\u00edk<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n
Zdroj: Z\u00e1kon o st\u00e1tn\u00edm ob\u010danstv\u00ed (z\u00e1kon \u010d. 186\/2013 Sb.). Novela z\u00e1kona o st\u00e1tn\u00edm ob\u010danstv\u00ed, z\u00e1kon \u010d. 207\/2019 Sb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
V z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2019 do\u0161lo ke zjednodu\u0161en\u00ed podm\u00ednek pro ud\u011blen\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho ob\u010danstv\u00ed pro emigranty a jejich potomky (novela 207\/2019 Sb.). Nyn\u00ed je v\u0161ak v Poslaneck\u00e9 sn\u011bmovn\u011b projedn\u00e1v\u00e1na dal\u0161\u00ed novela z\u00e1kona o st\u00e1tn\u00edm ob\u010danstv\u00ed (z\u00e1kon \u010d. 186\/2013 Sb., d\u00e1le jen \u201ez\u00e1kon\u201c a \u201enovela\u201c). C\u00edlem novely je zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed podm\u00ednek pro nab\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed. Ministerstvo vnitra, kter\u00e9 je p\u0159edkladatelem novely, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5470,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[79],"class_list":["post-6875","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bnt","tag-czech"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6875","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6875"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6875\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6875"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6875"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6875"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}