Czech Republic: Koupili jste nemovitost bez p\u0159\u00edstupu? Ztratili jste tak nejsp\u00ed\u0161 mo\u017enost povolen\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 cesty.<\/p>\n
Pro p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy vlastn\u00edk nemovit\u00e9 v\u011bci nem\u016f\u017ee nemovitost u\u017e\u00edvat, proto\u017ee k n\u00ed nem\u00e1 zaji\u0161t\u011bn p\u0159\u00edstup z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 cesty, slou\u017e\u00ed institut tzv. nezbytn\u00e9 cesty. Vlastn\u00edk nemovitosti bez p\u0159\u00edstupu m\u016f\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dat souseda, aby mu p\u0159\u00edstup p\u0159es sv\u016fj pozemek za n\u00e1hradu povolil, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b se povolen\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 cesty dom\u00e1hat u soudu.<\/p>\n
Institut nezbytn\u00e9 cesty znal i ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk z roku 1964 (\u00a7 151o odst. 3). Jednalo se v\u0161ak o velmi stru\u010dnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fapravu, kter\u00e1 byla dotv\u00e1\u0159ena bohatou judikaturou. Nov\u00fd ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk upravuje tento institut podrobn\u011bji, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nov\u011b v\u00fdslovn\u011b vymezuje i p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy nezbytnou cestu z\u0159\u00eddit nelze (\u00a7 1032). Soud tak nezbytnou cestu nepovol\u00ed i v p\u0159\u00edpadech, zp\u016fsobil-li si nedostatek p\u0159\u00edstupu z hrub\u00e9 nedbalosti nebo \u00famysln\u011b s\u00e1m vlastn\u00edk nemovit\u00e9 v\u011bci. K aplikaci tohoto ustanoven\u00ed se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky ve sv\u00e9m rozhodnut\u00ed ze dne 15.11.2016 sp. zn. 22 Cdo 3242\/2015.<\/p>\n
Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee toto ustanoven\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ich\u00e1zet do \u00favahy i v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy osoba nab\u00fdv\u00e1 nemovitou v\u011bc, ani\u017e by k n\u00ed m\u011bla zaji\u0161t\u011bno spojen\u00ed s ve\u0159ejnou cestou, a jej\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed lze pova\u017eovat za hrub\u011b nedbal\u00e9 \u010di \u00famysln\u00e9. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud vy\u0161el z toho, \u017ee v r\u00e1mci b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opatrnosti by se m\u011bl nabyvatel zaj\u00edmat o to, jak je k nab\u00fdvan\u00e9 nemovitosti zaji\u0161t\u011bn p\u0159\u00edstup, a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy p\u0159\u00edstup nijak zaji\u0161t\u011bn nen\u00ed, se u\u017e p\u0159ed nabyt\u00edm nemovitosti pokusit si p\u0159\u00edstup k nemovit\u00e9 v\u011bci za\u0159\u00eddit. Podle Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu nem\u00e1 b\u00fdt sankcionov\u00e1na sama o sob\u011b skute\u010dnost, \u017ee n\u011bkdo nabyl nemovitou v\u011bc bez p\u0159\u00edstupu, ale ta okolnost, \u017ee nabyvatel lehkov\u00e1\u017en\u011b spol\u00e9hal na to, \u017ee mu bude p\u0159\u00edstup k pozemku po jeho nabyt\u00ed umo\u017en\u011bn sousedy nebo povolen soudem, a nepokusil se zajistit si p\u0159\u00edstup s\u00e1m p\u0159ed nabyt\u00edm nemovitosti. Pokud ale snahu vyvinul, ta v\u0161ak byla ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1, nelze mu to p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtat k t\u00ed\u017ei. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud se t\u00edmto rozhodnut\u00edm odch\u00fdlil od dosavadn\u00ed judikatury, podle kter\u00e9 ani to, \u017ee vlastn\u00edk s\u00e1m zavinil, \u017ee k jeho stavb\u011b nen\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, nem\u016f\u017ee zcela vylou\u010dit mo\u017enost z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pr\u00e1va nezbytn\u00e9 cesty. Nav\u00edc podle tohoto ustanoven\u00ed se budou posuzovat i jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 nastala p\u0159ed 1.1.2014.<\/p>\n
Soudy by tak p\u0159i povolov\u00e1n\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 cesty m\u011bly posuzovat, jak se nabyvatel zaj\u00edmal o existenci p\u0159\u00edstupu k nemovitosti, zda o absenci p\u0159\u00edstupu v\u011bd\u011bl nebo v\u011bd\u011bl m\u011bl, jestli se nabyvatel pokusil p\u0159ed nabyt\u00edm nemovitosti p\u0159\u00edstup z\u00edskat a zda bylo re\u00e1ln\u00e9 zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu doc\u00edlit. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00faprava nezbytn\u00e9 cesty upravuje podm\u00ednky pro vznik pr\u00e1va jen r\u00e1mcov\u011b, je d\u00e1n \u0161irok\u00fd prostor pro \u00favahu soudu. Uvid\u00edme, jak soudy s t\u00edmto v\u00fdkladem nalo\u017e\u00ed a jestli je\u0161t\u011b n\u011bkdy n\u011bjakou nezbytnou cestu povol\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Zdroj: z\u00e1kon \u010d. 89\/2012 Sb., ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Czech Republic: Koupili jste nemovitost bez p\u0159\u00edstupu? Ztratili jste tak nejsp\u00ed\u0161 mo\u017enost povolen\u00ed nezbytn\u00e9 cesty. Pro p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy vlastn\u00edk nemovit\u00e9 v\u011bci nem\u016f\u017ee nemovitost u\u017e\u00edvat, proto\u017ee k n\u00ed nem\u00e1 zaji\u0161t\u011bn p\u0159\u00edstup z ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 cesty, slou\u017e\u00ed institut tzv. nezbytn\u00e9 cesty. Vlastn\u00edk nemovitosti bez p\u0159\u00edstupu m\u016f\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dat souseda, aby mu p\u0159\u00edstup p\u0159es sv\u016fj pozemek za n\u00e1hradu povolil, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5469,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[79],"class_list":["post-6846","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bnt","tag-czech"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6846","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6846"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6846\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5469"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6846"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6846"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6846"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}