{"id":6820,"date":"2013-12-12T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2013-12-12T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/news\/viceprace-v-judikature-nejvyssiho-soudu-cr\/"},"modified":"2013-12-12T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2013-12-12T00:00:00","slug":"viceprace-v-judikature-nejvyssiho-soudu-cr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/viceprace-v-judikature-nejvyssiho-soudu-cr\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00edcepr\u00e1ce v judikatu\u0159e Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu \u010cR"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Czech Republic: By\u0165 jsou v\u00edcepr\u00e1ce prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 na z\u00e1klad\u011b dohody objednatele a zhotovitele, konstantn\u00ed judikatura zhotoviteli \u010dasto nep\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na jejich uhrazen\u00ed. Zhotovitel se p\u0159itom nem\u016f\u017ee pln\u011bn\u00ed domoci ani z titulu bezd\u016fvodn\u00e9ho obohacen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>B\u011bhem v\u00fdstavby doch\u00e1z\u00ed pravideln\u011b k pot\u0159eb\u011b proveden\u00ed prac\u00ed nad sjednan\u00fd rozsah d\u00edla; takov\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed ozna\u010dujeme jako v\u00edcepr\u00e1ce. V\u00edcepr\u00e1ce jsou ov\u0161em \u010dasto sjedn\u00e1ny neform\u00e1ln\u011b a ot\u00e1zka, zda a v jak\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i m\u00e1 zhotovitel pr\u00e1vo na uhrazen\u00ed ceny, je jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00ed\u010din spor\u016f mezi objednatelem a zhotovitelem. Touto ot\u00e1zkou se proto ji\u017e n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t zab\u00fdval i Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud \u010cR.<\/p>\n<p>Podle obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku plat\u00ed, \u017ee objednatel je povinen zaplatit zhotoviteli cenu dohodnutou ve smlouv\u011b o d\u00edlo nebo ur\u010denou zp\u016fsobem stanoven\u00fdm ve smlouv\u011b (\u00a7 546). Sn\u00ed\u017eit nebo zv\u00fd\u0161it cenu d\u00edla lze pouze v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee se smluvn\u00ed strany po uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy o d\u00edlo dohodnou na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, omezen\u00ed nebo zm\u011bn\u011b d\u00edla, ale nesjednaj\u00ed si dopad na cenu d\u00edla (\u00a7 549). Zhotovitel m\u00e1 pak ze z\u00e1kona n\u00e1rok na uhrazen\u00ed ceny p\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edla nebo ceny zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k rozd\u00edlu v rozsahu nutn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti a v \u00fa\u010deln\u00fdch n\u00e1kladech spojen\u00fdch se zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00fdm prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00edm d\u00edla v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b zm\u011bny d\u00edla. P\u0159edpokladem aplikace \u00a7 549 obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku je v\u0161ak podle Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu \u010cR p\u0159edchoz\u00ed dohoda objednatele a zhotovitele na vlastn\u00edm roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed d\u00edla nebo jeho kvalitativn\u00ed zm\u011bn\u011b, tj. dohoda o zm\u011bn\u011b smlouvy o d\u00edlo (nap\u0159. sp. zn. 29 Odo 214\/2003).<\/p>\n<p>V praxi \u010dasto br\u00e1n\u00ed aplikaci \u00a7 549 obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku (a t\u00edm i vzniku n\u00e1roku zhotovitele na uhrazen\u00ed ceny za proveden\u00e9 v\u00edcepr\u00e1ce) dohoda smluvn\u00edch stran zakotven\u00e1 ve smlouv\u011b o d\u00edlo, \u017ee smlouva m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt m\u011bn\u011bna pouze v p\u00edsemn\u00e9 form\u011b. By\u0165 zhotovitel prov\u00e1d\u00ed v\u00edcepr\u00e1ce po dohod\u011b s objednatelem, soudy v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b postupuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u011b formalisticky a p\u0159i nedodr\u017een\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 formy dohody o zm\u011bn\u011b smlouvy o d\u00edlo nep\u0159izn\u00e1vaj\u00ed zhotoviteli n\u00e1rok na uhrazen\u00ed ceny proveden\u00fdch v\u00edceprac\u00ed z d\u016fvodu neplatnosti takov\u00e9 dohody. A to i tehdy, kdy bylo v \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed prok\u00e1z\u00e1no, \u017ee o proveden\u00ed v\u00edceprac\u00ed objednatel po\u017e\u00e1dal a v\u00edcepr\u00e1ce byly prokazateln\u011b provedeny.<\/p>\n<p>Nav\u00edc v takov\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee zhotovitel po\u017eadovat ani vyd\u00e1n\u00ed bezd\u016fvodn\u00e9ho obohacen\u00ed. Podle Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu \u010cR toti\u017e nen\u00ed proveden\u00ed nesjednan\u00fdch v\u00edceprac\u00ed pln\u011bn\u00edm bez pr\u00e1vn\u00edho d\u016fvodu ani pln\u011bn\u00edm z neplatn\u00e9ho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho \u00fakonu (sp. zn. 23 Cdo 1146\/2007).<\/p>\n<p>Pro \u00faplnost je t\u0159eba upozornit na n\u00e1lez \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu \u010cR, kter\u00fd p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed zm\u011bnit p\u00edsemn\u011b uzav\u0159enou smlouvu se sjednanou v\u00fdhradou zm\u011bn v p\u00edsemn\u00e9 podob\u011b i jinou formou (nap\u0159. \u00fastn\u011b u\u010din\u011bn\u00fdmi pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi \u00fakony), pokud nen\u00ed v\u010das nam\u00edt\u00e1na jejich relativn\u00ed neplatnost (sp. zn. I. \u00daS 1264\/11). V souladu s touto judikaturou by tak bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 platn\u011b zm\u011bnit smlouvu o d\u00edlo i jinou ne\u017e p\u00edsemnou formou, co\u017e by umo\u017enilo aplikaci \u00a7 549 obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku. Judikatura Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu \u010cR v\u0161ak tento z\u00e1v\u011br prozat\u00edm nerespektuje.<\/p>\n<p>Z\u00e1v\u011brem je s ohledem na judikaturu Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu \u010cR t\u0159eba doporu\u010dit, aby ve\u0161ker\u00e9 zm\u011bny d\u00edla byly zhotovitelem provedeny pouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b dohody s objednatelem, a to nejl\u00e9pe v p\u00edsemn\u00e9 form\u011b.<\/p>\n<p>Mgr. Tereza Chalupov\u00e1, advok\u00e1tn\u00ed koncipientka<a href=\"javascript:\/\/ EP_MESSAGE_PROTECTED\"><span><span><span><span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><script type=\"text\/javascript\">emailProtector.addCloakedMailto(\"ep_5ee30efe\", 1);<\/script><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Czech Republic: By\u0165 jsou v\u00edcepr\u00e1ce prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 na z\u00e1klad\u011b dohody objednatele a zhotovitele, konstantn\u00ed judikatura zhotoviteli \u010dasto nep\u0159izn\u00e1v\u00e1 pr\u00e1vo na jejich uhrazen\u00ed. Zhotovitel se p\u0159itom nem\u016f\u017ee pln\u011bn\u00ed domoci ani z titulu bezd\u016fvodn\u00e9ho obohacen\u00ed. B\u011bhem v\u00fdstavby doch\u00e1z\u00ed pravideln\u011b k pot\u0159eb\u011b proveden\u00ed prac\u00ed nad sjednan\u00fd rozsah d\u00edla; takov\u00e9 pln\u011bn\u00ed ozna\u010dujeme jako v\u00edcepr\u00e1ce. V\u00edcepr\u00e1ce jsou ov\u0161em \u010dasto sjedn\u00e1ny neform\u00e1ln\u011b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5467,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[79],"class_list":["post-6820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bnt","tag-czech"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6820"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6820\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5467"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}