Not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy se svolen\u00edm dlu\u017en\u00edka k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti jsou obl\u00edben\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v\u011b\u0159itel\u016f, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm usnadnit dobytnost pohled\u00e1vek za dlu\u017en\u00edkem. Chyby p\u0159i jejich sepisov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto vedou k tomu, \u017ee jako exeku\u010dn\u00ed titul neobstoj\u00ed a exekuce podle nich nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt provedena, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je zma\u0159en jejich hlavn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del. <\/p>\n
Standardn\u011b, pokud dlu\u017en\u00edk odm\u00edt\u00e1 sv\u00e9 dluhy dobrovoln\u011b uhradit, mus\u00ed si v\u011b\u0159itel p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fdm zah\u00e1jen\u00edm nedobrovoln\u00e9ho vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed dluhu (exekuc\u00ed) obstarat exeku\u010dn\u00ed titul, kter\u00fdm bude zpravidla vykonateln\u00fd rozsudek soudu obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed povinnost dlu\u017en\u00edka uhradit konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed dluh. Za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9ho rozsudku pak mus\u00ed v\u011b\u0159itel absolvovat nal\u00e9zac\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed u soudu, kter\u00e9 b\u00fdv\u00e1 \u010dasto zdlouhav\u00e9 a dosti n\u00e1kladn\u00e9, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jeho v\u00fdsledky jsou nejist\u00e9. \u0158ada v\u011b\u0159itel\u016f tak n\u011bkter\u00e9 dluhy po dlu\u017en\u00edc\u00edch rad\u0161i v\u016fbec nevym\u00e1h\u00e1, proto\u017ee si spo\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed, \u017ee s ohledem na n\u00e1klady s t\u00edm spojen\u00e9 ned\u00e1v\u00e1 ekonomick\u00fd smysl takov\u00e9 dluhy vym\u00e1hat.<\/p>\n
Jednou z obl\u00edben\u00fdch mo\u017enost\u00ed, jak se nutnosti absolvovat nal\u00e9zac\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vyhnout a usnadnit (a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm zlevnit) vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pohled\u00e1vek za dlu\u017en\u00edkem, je seps\u00e1n\u00ed not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu se svolen\u00edm dlu\u017en\u00edka k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti. V not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m z\u00e1pise dlu\u017en\u00edk vyslovuje souhlas s jeho pou\u017eit\u00edm jako exeku\u010dn\u00edho titulu k na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a proveden\u00ed exekuce, pokud sv\u016fj specifikovan\u00fd dluh neuhrad\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b a v\u010das. Not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1pis se svolen\u00edm k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti je pak tzv. smluvn\u00edm exeku\u010dn\u00edm titulem, kter\u00fd je postaven na rove\u0148 vykonateln\u00e9ho rozsudku, a podle kter\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt na\u0159\u00edzena a provedena exekuce.<\/p>\n
Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee existuj\u00ed rozd\u00edln\u00e9 druhy not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu se svolen\u00edm dlu\u017en\u00edka k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti. Li\u0161\u00ed se v tom, zda je jejich sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed i hmotn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b, o jak\u00fd typ hmotn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edho jedn\u00e1n\u00ed se jedn\u00e1.<\/p>\n
Prvn\u00edm typem je not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1pis, kter\u00fd obsahuje jednak hmotn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu (nap\u0159. smlouvu o \u00fav\u011bru \u010di dohodu o narovn\u00e1n\u00ed) a d\u00e1le prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed dlu\u017en\u00edka o svolen\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu jako exeku\u010dn\u00edho titulu, pokud by dlu\u017en\u00edk sv\u016fj dluh dle takov\u00e9ho hmotn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00edho ujedn\u00e1n\u00ed nesplnil \u0159\u00e1dn\u011b a v\u010das.<\/p>\n
Druh\u00fd typ obsahuje hmotn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed dlu\u017en\u00edka o uzn\u00e1n\u00ed ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edho dluhu a d\u00e1le jeho svolen\u00ed k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti ve vztahu k takto uznan\u00e9mu dluhu.<\/p>\n
Posledn\u00ed typ pak neobsahuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 hmotn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, ale pouze svolen\u00ed dlu\u017en\u00edka k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti ve vztahu ke konkr\u00e9tn\u00edmu ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edmu z\u00e1vazku, kter\u00fd mus\u00ed b\u00fdt v not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9m z\u00e1pisu n\u00e1le\u017eit\u011b specifikov\u00e1n. Ka\u017ed\u00fd z t\u011bchto druh\u016f not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu se svolen\u00edm dlu\u017en\u00edka k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti pak mus\u00ed obsahovat specifick\u00e9 n\u00e1le\u017eitosti, aby jej bylo mo\u017eno pou\u017e\u00edt jako exeku\u010dn\u00edho titulu.<\/p>\n
Jak ov\u0161em ukazuje praxe, n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159itel\u00e9 a not\u00e1\u0159i d\u011blaj\u00ed p\u0159i sepisov\u00e1n\u00ed not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch z\u00e1pis\u016f se svolen\u00edm k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti chyby, kter\u00e9 pramen\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z nedostate\u010dn\u00e9ho rozli\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed specifik jednotliv\u00fdch typ\u016f not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu s p\u0159\u00edmou vykonatelnost\u00ed. Tyto chyby pak mohou v\u00e9st a\u017e k tomu, \u017ee takov\u00fd not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1pis nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt jako exeku\u010dn\u00ed titul, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je zma\u0159en jeho hlavn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del a v\u011b\u0159itel je pak nucen absolvovat nal\u00e9zac\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed u soudu a obstarat si vykonateln\u00fd rozsudek, ne\u017e m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ikro\u010dit k samotn\u00e9 exekuci. Toto se t\u00fdk\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy je not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1pis se svolen\u00edm k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti po\u0159izov\u00e1n ex post o ji\u017e existuj\u00edc\u00edm a splatn\u00e9m dluhu dlu\u017en\u00edka, kdy je t\u0159eba db\u00e1t na to, aby takov\u00fd not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1pis v\u017edy obsahoval i v\u00fdslovn\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho dluhu ze strany dlu\u017en\u00edka a dobu jeho pln\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1pis se svolen\u00edm dlu\u017en\u00edka k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti je tak sice cenn\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd v\u011b\u0159itel\u016fm usnad\u0148uje vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed jejich pohled\u00e1vek a sni\u017euje jejich n\u00e1klady, ale p\u0159i jeho sepisov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u017edy pot\u0159eba db\u00e1t zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 pozornosti a respektovat po\u017eadavky z\u00e1kona i judikatury.<\/p>\n
Zdroj: judikatura Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu \u010cR a z\u00e1kon \u010d. 358\/1992 Sb., o not\u00e1\u0159\u00edch a jejich \u010dinnosti (not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d), ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy se svolen\u00edm dlu\u017en\u00edka k p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti jsou obl\u00edben\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem v\u011b\u0159itel\u016f, jak zv\u00fd\u0161it a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm usnadnit dobytnost pohled\u00e1vek za dlu\u017en\u00edkem. Chyby p\u0159i jejich sepisov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak pom\u011brn\u011b \u010dasto vedou k tomu, \u017ee jako exeku\u010dn\u00ed titul neobstoj\u00ed a exekuce podle nich nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt provedena, \u010d\u00edm\u017e je zma\u0159en jejich hlavn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del. Standardn\u011b, pokud dlu\u017en\u00edk odm\u00edt\u00e1 sv\u00e9 dluhy […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5466,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[79],"class_list":["post-6819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bnt","tag-czech"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6819"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6819\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5466"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}