{"id":18734,"date":"2026-08-18T12:21:42","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T12:21:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/aktualni-judikatura-k-uznani-dluhu-dluznikem-ve-forme-notarskeho-zapisu-s-dolozkou-prime-vykonatelnosti\/"},"modified":"2026-08-18T12:57:08","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T12:57:08","slug":"aktualni-judikatura-k-uznani-dluhu-dluznikem-ve-forme-notarskeho-zapisu-s-dolozkou-prime-vykonatelnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/aktualni-judikatura-k-uznani-dluhu-dluznikem-ve-forme-notarskeho-zapisu-s-dolozkou-prime-vykonatelnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"Aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed judikatura k uzn\u00e1n\u00ed dluhu dlu\u017en\u00edkem ve form\u011b not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu s dolo\u017ekou p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 vykonatelnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fav\u011br\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch z\u00e1pis\u016f s p\u0159\u00edmou vykonatelnost\u00ed \u010del\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu posunu. Lze vym\u00e1hat sankce, kter\u00e9 vznikly a\u017e po podpisu z\u00e1pisu? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dlouhodob\u00e1 praxe, kdy dlu\u017en\u00edci v not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch z\u00e1pisech preventivn\u011b uzn\u00e1vali nejen jistinu, ale i budouc\u00ed \u00faroky z prodlen\u00ed a smluvn\u00ed pokuty, se zkomplikovala. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud v ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00edch (sp. zn. 20 Cdo 2680\/2025 a 20 Cdo 2841\/2025) potvrdil, \u017ee jednostrann\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed dluhu formou not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu podle \u00a7 71a odst. 2 not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du je materi\u00e1ln\u011b nevykonateln\u00e9 v rozsahu n\u00e1rok\u016f, kter\u00e9 v dob\u011b sepisu not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu neexistovaly. <\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>V obou shora uveden\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud dovodil, \u017ee:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u21e8 not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00e1pisy byly seps\u00e1ny dle ust. \u00a7 71a not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du v dob\u011b, kdy dlu\u017en\u00edk je\u0161t\u011b nebyl v prodlen\u00ed (v jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b byl not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1pis seps\u00e1n sou\u010dasn\u011b se smlouvou o \u00fav\u011bru, ve druh\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dva dny po uzav\u0159en\u00ed smlouvy o \u00fav\u011bru).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u21e8 N\u00e1rok na \u00faroky z prodlen\u00ed a smluvn\u00ed pokuty (v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na budouc\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnosti) proto je\u0161t\u011b nevznikl a<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u21e8 dluh v dob\u011b uzn\u00e1n\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b neexistoval.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Existence dluhu jako podm\u00ednka vykonatelnosti.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"has-background wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"background-color:#f5fef0\">Podle \u00a7 2053 ob\u010dansk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kon\u00edku zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed dluhu pr\u00e1vn\u00ed domn\u011bnku, \u017ee dluh v rozsahu uzn\u00e1n\u00ed v dob\u011b uzn\u00e1n\u00ed trv\u00e1. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud dovodil, \u017ee nelze platn\u011b uznat dluh, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 teprve vzniknout v budoucnu. Pokud tedy dlu\u017en\u00edk uzn\u00e1 dluh z \u00fav\u011bru v den jeho poskytnut\u00ed, nem\u016f\u017ee z\u00e1rove\u0148 platn\u011b uznat \u00faroky z prodlen\u00ed \u010di smluvn\u00ed pokuty v\u00e1zan\u00e9 na budouc\u00ed poru\u0161en\u00ed povinnost\u00ed, nebo\u0165 tyto n\u00e1roky v dan\u00fd moment fakticky neexistuj\u00ed.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Akcesorita p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed neposta\u010duje.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Soudy odm\u00edtly argumentaci v\u011b\u0159itel\u016f, \u017ee by p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161enstv\u00ed (\u00faroky) m\u011blo \u201esd\u00edlet osud\u201c jistiny. \u00daroky z prodlen\u00ed a smluvn\u00ed pokuty jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za samostatn\u00e9 hmotn\u011bpr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1roky. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee jsou akcesorn\u00ed k jistin\u011b, neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee je lze uznat d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e na n\u011b vznikne n\u00e1rok v d\u016fsledku prodlen\u00ed dlu\u017en\u00edka.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dopady na v\u011b\u0159itelskou praxi.<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tento posun v judikatu\u0159e ukon\u010duje b\u011b\u017en\u00fd postup v\u011b\u0159itel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed dosud komplexn\u011b zaji\u0161\u0165ovali sv\u00e9 pohled\u00e1vky sou\u010dasn\u011b s uzav\u0159en\u00edm \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 \u010di jin\u00e9 obdobn\u00e9 smlouvy.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1pis sepsan\u00fd sou\u010dasn\u011b s \u00fav\u011brovou smlouvou sice z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 vykonateln\u00fdm exeku\u010dn\u00edm titulem pro jistinu, ale pro budouc\u00ed sankce je takov\u00fd not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd z\u00e1pis jako exeku\u010dn\u00ed titul nepou\u017eiteln\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Pro v\u011b\u0159itele&#8230;<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pro v\u011b\u0159itele to znamen\u00e1 t\u0159i mo\u017en\u00e9 varianty: l\u00e9pe na\u010dasovat sepis not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1pisu (a\u017e po vzniku prodlen\u00ed dlu\u017en\u00edka), nahradit jednostrann\u00e9 uzn\u00e1n\u00ed dvoustrannou dohodou podle \u00a7 71b not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, nebo zvolit jin\u00fd typ zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Autor:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/t&#xFD;m\/hana-maresova\/\">Hana Mare\u0161ov\u00e1<\/a>, Associate, <a href=\"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/oblasti-praxe\/reseni-sporu\/\">Dispute Resolution<\/a>, LYNX Czech Republic<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Zdroj: <\/strong>Usnesen\u00ed Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu sp. zn. 20 Cdo 2680\/2025 a 20 Cdo 2841\/2025 <br\/>Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 358\/1992 Sb., o not\u00e1\u0159\u00edch a jejich \u010dinnosti (not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d) <br\/>Z\u00e1kon \u010d. 89\/2012 Sb., ob\u010dansk\u00fd z\u00e1kon\u00edk<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fav\u011br\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch z\u00e1pis\u016f s p\u0159\u00edmou vykonatelnost\u00ed \u010del\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edmu posunu. Lze vym\u00e1hat sankce, kter\u00e9 vznikly a\u017e po podpisu z\u00e1pisu? Dlouhodob\u00e1 praxe, kdy dlu\u017en\u00edci v not\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch z\u00e1pisech preventivn\u011b uzn\u00e1vali nejen jistinu, ale i budouc\u00ed \u00faroky z prodlen\u00ed a smluvn\u00ed pokuty, se zkomplikovala. Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud v ned\u00e1vn\u00fdch rozhodnut\u00edch (sp. zn. 20 Cdo 2680\/2025 a 20 Cdo [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":18,"featured_media":18719,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[278],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reseni-sporu-a-rozhodci-rizeni"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/18"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18734"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":18735,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18734\/revisions\/18735"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18719"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lynx.legal\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}